Economics (ECON)
ECON 0100 Introduction to Micro Economics
Introduction to economic analysis and its application. Theory of supply and demand, costs and revenues of the firm under perfect competition, monopoly and oligopoly, pricing of factors of production, income distribution, and theory of international trade. Econ 1 deals primarily with microeconomics.
Fall or Spring
Mutually Exclusive: ECON 0110
1 Course Unit
ECON 0120 Strategic Reasoning
This course is about strategically interdependent decisions. In such situations, the outcome of your actions depends also on the actions of others. When making your choice, you have to think what the others will choose, who in turn are thinking what you will be choosing, and so on. Game Theory offers several concepts and insights for understanding such situations, and for making better strategic choices. This course will introduce and develop some basic ideas from game theory, using illustrations, applications, and cases drawn from business, economics, politics, sports, and even fiction and movies. Some interactive games will be played in class. There will be little formal theory, and the only pre-requisites are some high-school algebra and having taken Econ 1. However, general numeracy (facility interpreting and doing numerical graphs, tables, and arithmetic calculations) is very important. This course will also be accepted by the Economics department as an Econ course, to be counted toward the minor in Economics (or as an Econ elective).
Fall
Also Offered As: PPE 3001
Prerequisite: ECON 0100
1 Course Unit
ECON 0200 Introductory Economics: Macro
Introduction to economic analysis and its application. An examination of a market economy to provide an understanding of how the size and composition of national output are determined. Elements of monetary and fiscal policy, international trade, economic development, and comparative economic systems.
Fall or Spring
Mutually Exclusive: ECON 0110
Prerequisite: ECON 0100
1 Course Unit
ECON 0410 Public Policy Analysis
This course provides an introduction to the economic method for analyzing public policy questions. It develops the implications of this method for the role of government in a market economy and for the analysis of specific public projects.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: (ECON 0100 AND ECON 0200) or ECON 0110
1 Course Unit
ECON 0420 Political Economy
This course examines the effects of strategic behavior on political outcomes and government policies. Topics and applications may include voting behavior, candidate competition, voting systems, social choice and welfare, policy divergence, redistributive policies and theories of political transitions.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: (ECON 0100 AND ECON 0200) or ECON 0110
1 Course Unit
ECON 0430 Labor Economics
The course begins with an extensive discussion of models of labor market demand and supply. The rest of the course addresses a variety of related topics including the school -to-work transition, job training, employee benefits, the role of labor unions, discrimination, workforce diversity, poverty, and public policy.
Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 0100 OR ECON 0110
1 Course Unit
ECON 0440 Law and Economics
The relationship of economic principles to law and the use of economic analysis to study legal problems. Topics will include: property rights and intellectual property; analysis of antitrust and economic analysis of legal decision making.
Fall or Spring
1 Course Unit
ECON 0450 Industrial Organization
Theories of various industrial organizational structures and problems are developed, including monopoly, oligopoly, moral hazard and adverse selection. These theories are then applied to the study of various industries, antitrust cases, and regulatory issues.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 0100 OR ECON 0110
1 Course Unit
ECON 0460 Economics and Theories of Fairness
Free markets excel at producing wealth, but seem to do so at the cost of economic inequality. Is this inequality unjust? Is it a problem economics and public policy should solve? Liberal democracies have traditionally had the protection of private property as a core mandate. But they also have varying degrees of redistribution in order to fund social welfare systems. How can we reconcile these objectives which seem to conflict? Is the protection of individual rights more important than the promotion of the greatest good for all? To what extent can personal liberty and the common good be reconciled? Are current entitlement programs like Medicare unfair to the younger generation? Is our current natural resource usage unfair to future generations? In this course, we will use the philosophical concept of justice to address these and other related questions. We will draw from the economic history, political theory, and the history of philosophy in order to acquire a framework for understanding the concepts of justice, liberty, rights, and equality. We shall then apply this historical and conceptual framework to discussion topics and case studies drawn from present day economics and contemporary social issues. In this way, we shall come to understand economics as more than a social science of laws and theorems. Instead we shall see how economics as an applied science influences the well-being of the whole of society.
Fall
1 Course Unit
ECON 0465 Economics and Philosophy
This course examines some of the ways in which economics as a social science is related to philosophy. We start with a discussion of the definition, scope, and methodology of economics, reading Robbins on the definition of economics, Mill on the science of political economy and Friedman’s essay on methodology, along with some of its critical responses. We then consider three central concepts of economics which have their roots in philosophy: rationality, utility, and welfare, and we examine the philosophical assumptions in each of these economic concepts. Economics assumes a form of instrumental rationality by which individuals seek to maximize their utility. We consider the origins of this concept of rationality, its extension into rational choice theory, and the critiques it has inspired. Our next topic is the concept of utility, which originates in philosophy but which receives a technical definition in economics. Finally, we turn to welfare economics, which is the most normative part of economic science, where we consider topics such as preference satisfaction and interpersonal comparisons of utility. We also raise the question throughout whether these concepts are rightly used in economics, and whether welfare economics can in fact promote well-being. In addition to the four major topics (methodology, rationality, utility, and welfare), we will also devote one class each to four topics debated in journal articles by some of the most important economists in recent history. These topics are: --Is underinvestment in basic research a market failure? (Arrow v. Demsetz); --What are the market consequences of imperfect information? (Hayek v. Stiglitz); --What are the moral dimensions of economic growth, specifically as it relates to the environment? (B. Friedman v. T. Jackson); --Is it ethical for the state to “nudge” citizens towards desired behaviors? (Thaler and Sunstein v. Grüne-Yanoff); and Reviewing the views expressed in these debates will allow students to form their own opinions on major topics in economics where the arguments are largely philosophical. The goal of the overall course is to help students develop a more critical understanding of the assumptions of economics as it’s practiced as a social science.
Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 0100 AND ECON 0200
1 Course Unit
ECON 0500 International Economics
Introduction to the theory of international trade and international monetary economics. The theoretical background is used as a basis for discussion of policy issues. Patterns of international trade and production; gains from trade; tariffs, and impediments to trade; foreign exchange markets, balance of payments, capital flows, financial crises, coordination of monetary and fiscal policy in a global economy.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: (ECON 0100 AND ECON 0200) OR ECON 0110
1 Course Unit
ECON 0510 Development Economics
This course presents an overview of the field of development economics. The general aim is to show how economic analysis has been applied to issues related to developing countries. Among the topics covered are: income distribution, poverty, health, population growth, migration, growth, and the rural economy.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 0100 OR ECON 0110
1 Course Unit
ECON 0610 American Capitalism
A broad overview of American economic history will be provided by focusing on the following topics: colonial trade patterns, the growth of the market economy, the political economy of slavery, industrial expansion, segmentation in the labor force and changes in work, technological and organizational innovations, business cycles, the rise of the corporate welfare state, the growth of monopoly capitalism, and current economic problems in historical perspective.
Fall or Spring
Also Offered As: HIST 1161
1 Course Unit
ECON 0615 The History of the International Monetary System and the Rise of the US Dollar
The course will cover the modern evolution of the international monetary system going all the way back to the era when sterling became the leading international currencies. It is arranged thematically and chronologically both. The lessons and readings will introduce students to the principal evolutions of the international monetary system and at the same time, it will give them an understanding of regimes, their mechanics and the geopolitical economies behind systemic shifts. Students need not have an economic background but must be prepared to read about exchange rates (and world politics). Special focus on: The early modern international monetary system. How Amsterdam and London captured the Spanish treasure. Beyond the West (Ottoman Empire, India, China). The Napoleonic wars and the rise of sterling. Hong-Kong: Silver, Opium, and the Recycling of Surpluses. The emergence of the Gold Standard. Bimetallism: The US election of 1796. Sterling and Key Currencies before WWI. The First World War and the origins of dollar supremacy. When the dollar displaced sterling (1920s). The collapse of the international gold standard (1930s). The Bretton Woods System. The rise and rise of the US dollar. Currency competition (Dollar, Euro, Yuan Renminbi). The meaning of cryptocurrencies.
Also Offered As: HIST 3965
1 Course Unit
ECON 0620 Financial Meltdown, Past and Present
Economic history is increasingly recognized as a crucial source of policy advice and is invoked with growing frequency in public debates. In particular, the subprime crisis in 2008 and after has generated a demand for "historical perspective" that would improve the understanding of the causes of financial turmoil and facilitate the prevention of comparable catastrophes. This course begins with a review of the principal features of the subprime crisis of 2008 and asks, so to speak, "how did we get there?" It answers by providing historical insights that shed light on crucial aspects of financial disasters. This is a history course, engaging with topics pertaining to economics, law and politics (national and international). Students with diverse backgrounds are expected to benefit from this course through acquiring a concrete knowledge of the historical evolution of fundamental institutions of financial capitalism. Ultimately, students enrolling in this course are expected to achieve proficiency in historically informed discussion of the mechanisms that were played out in the subprime crisis and beyond.
Not Offered Every Year
Also Offered As: HIST 1731
1 Course Unit
ECON 0625 Introduction to Business, Economic and Financial History
Business, Economic and Financial History plays a crucial role today in informing the views of business leaders, policy makers, reformers and public intellectuals. This seminar provides students with the opportunity to acquire a command of the key elements of this important intellectual field. The seminar format enables us to do this engagingly through reading and discussion. Students acquire a knowledge of the fundamental texts and controversies. Each meeting focuses on one foundational debate and provides a means to be up to date with the insights gleaned from rigorous economic history. We will examine twelve important debates and students will be asked to write a paper. The debates will include such questions as: What is growth and how can it be measured? What caused the "great divergence" in long run development among countries? How can we "understand" the rise and fall of slavery and its long shadow today? What is globalization and when did it begin? Did the Gold Standard and interwar fiscal and monetary policy orthodoxy cause the great depression? How can we explain the evolution of inequality in the very long run?
Also Offered As: HIST 3710
1 Course Unit
ECON 0630 The Economics and Financing of Health Care Delivery
The course provides an application of economic models to demand, supply, and their interaction in the medical economy. Influences on demand, especially health status, insurance coverage, and income will be analyzed. Physician decisions on the pricing and form of their own services, and on the advice they offer about other services, will be considered. Competition in medical care markets, especially for hospital services, will be studied. Special emphasis will be placed on government as demander of medical care services. Changes in Medicare and regulation of managed care are among the public policy issues to be addressed. Prerequisite: If course requirement not met, permission of instructor required.
Fall or Spring
Also Offered As: ECON 0390, HCMG 2020
Prerequisite: ECON 0100 OR ECON 0110
1 Course Unit
ECON 2100 Intermediate Microeconomics
Theories of consumer behavior, demand, production, costs, the firm in various market contexts, factor employment, factor incomes, elementary general equilibrium, and welfare.
Fall or Spring
Mutually Exclusive: BEPP 2500
Prerequisite: ECON 0100 AND ECON 0200 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 2200 Intermediate Macroeconomics
Facts and theories about the determination of per capita income and its differences across countries and across time. The study of economic fluctuations in output and employment. The role of government in influencing these aggregate variables: monetary and fiscal policy.
Fall or Spring
Mutually Exclusive: FNCE 1010
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 2300 Statistics for Economists
The course focuses on elementary probability and inferential statistical techniques. The course begins with a survey of basic descriptive statistics and data sources and then covers elementary probability theory, sampling, estimation, hypothesis testing, correlation, and regression. The course focuses on practical issues involved in the substantive interpretation of economic data using the techniques of statistical inference. For this reason empirical case studies that apply the techniques to real-life data are stressed and discussed throughout the course, and students are required to perform several statistical analyses of their own.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 0100 AND ECON 0200 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 2310 Econometric Methods and Models
This course focuses on econometric techniques and their application in economic analysis and decision-making, building on ECON 2300 to incorporate the many regression complications that routinely occur in econometric environments. Micro-econometric complications include nonlinearity, non-normality, heteroskedasticity, limited dependent variables of various sorts, endogeneity and instrumental variables, and panel data. Macro-econometric topics include trend, seasonality, serial correlation, lagged dependent variables, structural change, dynamic heteroskedasticity, and optimal prediction. Students are required to perform several econometric analyses in a modern environment such as R.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND ECON 2300 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4100 Game Theory
An introduction to game theory and its applications to economic analysis. The course will provide a theoretical overview of modern game theory, emphasizing common themes in the analysis of strategic behavior in different social science contexts. The economic applications will be drawn from different areas including trade, corporate strategy and public policy.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4101 Game Theory Honors
This is an honors game theory class; permission is necessary to enroll. An introduction to game theory and its applications to economic analysis. The course will provide a theoretical overview of modern game theory, emphasizing common themes in the analysis of strategic behavior in different social science contexts. The economic applications will be drawn from different areas including trade, corporate strategy and public policy.
Fall or Spring
1 Course Unit
ECON 4110 Economics of Family
This course will study modern family economics. The class will develop economic models to study topics such as female labor supply, fertility, marriage and divorce, women's liberation, premarital sex and parental socialization, investment in health, and retirement. This is an advanced undergraduate class. Calculus is an integral part of the course. Some elementary probability theory is drawn upon. Students unwilling to learn some of the tools used in modern economic should not take this class.
Not Offered Every Year
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4120 Social Choice Theory
This course investigates a topic which lies at the heart of economic, social and political sciences, namely the aggregation of individual preferences. Can a society as a whole exhibit preferences as individuals do? Can these preferences be based on individual ones, and show the same level of coherence? Which process can lead from individual preferences to the preferences of the society? At the end of the 18th century, the pioneers in the field already realized that mathematics is the only language powerful enough to make deep progress in the understanding of these questions. The formalization involves pure logic as well as geometry and combinatorics.
Not Offered Every Year
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4130 Market Design
Market design is broadly about designing interventions in economic systems so as to enhance their performance. The power and potential of market design has recently entered a new era of possibility with the rise of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is concerned with the design of intelligent autonomous systems. Such systems are rapidly transforming our society and economy and have been enabled by major advances in cloud computing and network telecommunications. Yet underlying the technological surface of many AI-oriented applications are fundamental economic and econometric principles which are central to their design and implementation. In short, to perform well, an AI system must "think like economists" - it must: 1. Make predictions about its environment; 2. Test causal hypotheses about the effect of various actions they can take, and; 3. Make decisions about an optimal plan of action in the face of uncertainty, which is a cycle that repeats and iteratively improves. Many of the established success stories in AI today have largely been focused on achieving (1), the trend is towards AI increasingly encompassing (2) and (3). In this course we aim to isolate these economic principles and understand their role in the modern development of AI, as well as gaining an appreciation for what the proliferation of AI based technologies means for the economy in which we live. Although the course will be principally interested in the former, we won't fully shy away from some discussion of the latter. Topics include human judgment and decision making biases (a light intro to behavioral economics), predictive machine learning and regularization, causal inference as distinct from prediction with application to product pricing, and reinforcement learning for dynamic decisions.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND ECON 2300 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4140 Decision Making Under Uncertainty
This course will show how individuals make decisions in a world full of uncertainties, both normatively and descriptively. This theory will help us build skills in understanding and analyzing a choice problem with uncertainty in a systematic fashion, as well as deepening our understanding of the fundamental concept of a utility function, which plays a critical role in economic modeling. The course requires a substantial ability of abstract thinking. Homework is intended to be thought-provoking rather than skill-sharpening.
Not Offered Every Year
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND ECON 2300 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4150 Mathematical Economics
This semester long course will introduce students to a variety of mathematical topics associated with convexity, optimization and fixed points that are used in Economic theory. The use of these techniques will be illustrated with a host of economic applications. Students who have not taken ECON 2100 require instructor permission.
Spring, odd numbered years only
Prerequisite: MATH 3140 AND MATH 3600 AND ECON 2100
1 Course Unit
ECON 4160 Behavioral Economics
People often systematically deviate from predictions of standard models in economics. Behavioral economics is an emerging subfield of modern economics that incorporates insights from psychology and other social sciences into economics to improve realism of standard models. This course reviews some of the standard assumptions in economics and evidence on how human behavior systematically departs from these assumptions. Several well-known behavioral theories that explain such deviations and their implications will be discussed. Topics may include (but not limited to) context-dependence, prospect theory, loss aversion, present bias, self-control, reference-dependence, limited attention, biased beliefs, fairness, and biases in strategic reasoning.
Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND ECON 2300 AND (MATH 1080 OR MATH 1410)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4200 Economic Growth
The process of economic growth and the sources of differences in economic performance across nations are some of the most interesting, important and challenging areas in modern social science. You cannot travel or read the news without wondering why differences in standards of living among countries are so large. The primary purpose of this course is to introduce undergraduate students to these major issues and to the theoretical tools necessary for studying them. The course therefore strives to provide students with a solid background in dynamic economic analysis, as well as empirical examples and data analysis.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND ECON 2300 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4205 Structural changes in the modern macroeconomy
Over the past few decades, the U.S. as well as other advanced economies have undergone a secular transformation: while overall economic growth has slowed down mildly, the fruits of economic growth have been spread unevenly. Income and wealth inequality have increased, the labor share of national income has decreased, economic activity has increasingly concentrated at a few superstar firms, and business dynamism has declined. The observed developments have generated strong reactions across the political spectrum. Is the American Dream really still alive, or might it be that a large fraction of the population simply will no longer be able to productively contribute to society? The aim of this course is to introduce advanced undergraduate students to the main empirical facts and theoretical tools involved in studying these developments through a macroeconomic lens. We will carefully analyze the data using the tools of applied (micro-)economics and interpret them using basic macroeconomic models. Interested students should have taken ECON 2100, ECON 2200, ECON 2300; MATH 1400, MATH 1410, or MATH 1510. Some basic knowledge of regression analysis is also recommended.
Fall
1 Course Unit
ECON 4210 Numerical Methods for Macroeconomists
This course will study numerical methods as used in modern macroeconomics. Students will learn how to solve nonlinear equations, difference equations, interpolate functions, smooth data, and conduct Monte Carlo simulations on the computer. This will be done while studying economic problems, such as the determination of labor supply, economic growth and business cycle analysis. Calculus is an integral part of the course and some elementary probability theory will be drawn upon. The MATLAB programming language will be used.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4220 Monetary and Fiscal Policies
This is an advanced course in macroeconomics. A relatively simple, but well defined and internally consistent model of the U.S. economy is set up and used to study how output is generated given the initial resources, how output is divided between consumption and addition to capital stock, and how this process accumulates over time. The role of prices including the rate of interest in this process is also reviewed, and monetary and fiscal policies needed to improve the performance of the economy under such circumstances are discussed.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4230 Macro-Modeling
This is an advanced undergraduate course in models of economic growth. Students will be introduced to the workhorse theoretical models that are used to understand growth by modern macroeconomic researchers and policy makers. The types of questions that we will address include: Why are some countries richer than others? Why do some countries grow quickly while others stagnate? Why did modern economic growth start in Western Europe? What can governments do to accelerate economic growth? How does economic growth interact with demographic and geographic factors? We will build theoretical models that can be used to answer these questions. There will be a strong focus on emphasizing the microeconomic foundations of models, and using the language of mathematics to express the underlying assumptions and assess their implications for policy. Hence, there are strict mathematical prerequisites. We will also compare the predictions of our models with the data. Thus, a fair amount of econometrics will be required. A class in statistics and econometrics is highly recommended.
Not Offered Every Year
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4240 Money and Banking
Money and Banking. This course studies the role that financial markets, institutions, and money play in resource allocation. Financial intermediation and the role of banks in the economic system are analyzed and the economic rationale behind banking regulation is studies. The course examines how monetary policy influences interest rates and asset markets, such as the bond market and the stock market. Finally, the instruments and goals of monetary policy are discussed, focusing in particular on credibility and commitment for central banks. All of the questions are explored analytically, using the tools of economic theory.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4310 Macro-Econometric Techniques and Applications
This course provides a deeper treatment of time-series econometric methods used in macroeconomc and financial applications, such as nonstationarity, unit roots, and cointegration; structural evolution and breaks; point, interval and density forecasts; forecast evaluation and combination; vector autoregression including impulse-response estimation and analysis; dynamic factor models and dimensionality reduction; univariate and multivariate stochastic volatility models; and prediction markets.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND ECON 2300 AND ECON 2310 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4320 Micro-econometric Techniques and Applications
This course provides a deeper treatment of econometric methods and issues as relevant for microeconomic applications, such as non-parametric function estimation; endogeneity and identification (strong and weak); generalized method of moments estimation; randomized and quasi-randomized methods for causal estimation; design strategies such as regression discontinuity and differences-in-differences; program evaluation; and quantile regression.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND ECON 2310 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4330 Econometric Machine Learning Methods and Models
This course covers econometric methods, machine learning methods, and their interface, focusing on aspects of estimation, inference, and prediction in causal and non-causal environments. Topics may include Bayesian learning; recursive estimation and optimal filtering; randomized controlled trials and their approximation; latent variables; classification; topic analysis; LDA models; neural networks; random forests; regularization (shrinkage, selection, ...); network estimation and description.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2300 AND ECON 2310 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4340 Empirical Economics of Climate Change
This course provides a broad introduction to the economics of climate change. The relevant theory is covered, but the emphasis throughout is empirical. Topics may include: background in geophysics and econometrics; bi-directional feedback relationships between climate change and economic activity; global warming dynamics as manifeast in temperature and sea ice dynamics; economic strategies, policies, and institutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation (including trading or taxing carbon, hedging climate risk in financial markets, and monetary and supervisory policy).
Fall
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND ECON 2300 AND ECON 2310 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4405 Economic Program Evaluation
Does increasing the minimum wage reduce employment? Do smaller class sizes improve students' achievement? Does Medicare improve its recipients' health status? Program evaluation is an essential part of policy making and the political debate. More generally, causality and the identification of causal effects are at the heart of many questions in economics. The goal of this class is to give students a precise understanding of what causality is, and a working knowledge of empirical methods used in economics to estimate causal effects and evaluate public policy. Recommended: ECON 2310.
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND ECON 2300 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4410 Public Finance
This course has two parts. The first looks at market and government failures and discusses the need for public policies as well as limits to their effectiveness including the evaluation of public projects using cost benefit analysis. The second part focuses on the economic analysis of taxation, including the economic incidence and efficiency of taxes.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4420 Political Economy
This course examines the political and economic determinants of government policies. The course presents economic arguments for government action in the private economy. How government decides policies via simple majority voting, representative legislatures, and executive veto and agenda-setting politics will be studied. Applications include government spending and redistributive policies.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4430 Labor Economics
Labor supply and labor demand, income distribution, labor market contracts and work incentives, human capital, labor market discrimination, job training and unemployment.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 or MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4440 Law and Economics
This course will use basic microeconomic tools to understand how the law often, but not always, promotes economic efficiency. Among the areas to be discussed will be tort law, property law, intellectual property, antitrust regulation. The distinction between common law and legislative law will be drawn.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4450 Industrial Organization
Theories of various industrial organizational structures and problems are developed, including monopoly, oligopoly, nonlinear pricing and price discrimination. These theories are used to model various industries, antitrust cases, and regulatory issues.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4460 Health Economics
In this course we will use the tools of microeconomics to analyze the functioning of the health care system. We will draw from the sub-disciplines of information economics, industrial organization, labor economics, public economics, and behavioral economics. The primary goal is to use these tools to develop a critical analysis of the functioning of the health care system as well as of the policies aimed at improving it. We will learn about US specific institutional details and policies (most notably the Affordable Care Act), and we will compare them to other important international experiences.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4470 Urban Fiscal Policy
The purpose of this course is to examine the financing of governments in the urban economy. Topics to be covered include the causes and consequences of the urban fiscal crisis, the design of optimal tax and spending policies for local governments, funding of public infrastructures and the workings of the municipal bond market, privatization of government services, and public financial systems for emerging economies. Applications include analyses of recent fiscal crises, local services and taxes as important determinants of real estate prices, the infrastructure crisis, financing and the provision of public education, and fiscal constitutions for new democracies using South Africa as an example.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND ECON 2300 AND ECON 2310 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4480 Economics of Education
The course focuses on the educational decisions, including individual choices, institutional strategies and government policies. It is an elective course in economics and it is designed for junior and senior students. During the first part of the course we will go over the mathematical and empirical tools needed to understand and perform quantitative analysis on topics in the economics of education. Students should expect to work on optimization methods, regression analysis and causal inference analysis. We will use Stata (https://www.stata.com/) as statistical software. After we have built a solid foundation of knowledge, we will cover the first "real" topic of the economics of education: the return to schooling. During this phase of the course we seek to address two questions: what are the benefits that an individual acquires (i.e. in terms of earnings in the labor market or career opportunities) by attending more years of school and what are the benefits for society as a whole? While these questions seem to have a simple explanation, we will discover that they are actually quite challenging and require a more complex explanation. Once we have analyzed the benefits of schooling, we will study what motivates some students to further their education for more years, as opposed to others. In particular, we will focus on the differences in the quality of environments that children face throughout childhood (e.g.: family environment and school/classroom environment) and the consequences for observed inequities. Finally, in the remaining portion of the course we will study the evaluations of different policies that have been implemented in the past from previous governments, with the goal of gaining insight for possible future policy recommendations.
Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND ECON 2300 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4490 The Digital Economy
This is an advanced undergraduate course on the digital economy. Our two main goals are (a) to understand how people and companies interact in digital markets and (b) to understand how digital markets should be designed. The course uses a combination of theoretical modeling and empirical evidence in order to achieve those goals. We analyze some key features that are prevalent in digital markets, including network effects, two-sided markets, search and matching, reputation systems, and the use of data. We also zoom in on individual markets, such as search engines, e-commerce platforms, and the gig economy.
Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND ECON 2310 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4510 International Trade
Structure of the world economy; theory of international trade; economic growth and international trade; international trade policy: developed countries; developing countries. Direct investment, technology transfers, and the multinational firm.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4520 International Finance
International monetary economics with emphasis on economic policy in an open economy. Topics covered in the course include: balance-of-payments adjustment, theories of exchange rate determinaton, the effects of exchange rate devaluation, macroeconomic policy under fixed and floating exchange rates, the Euro-dollar market, currency and balance of payments crises.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4530 Topics in Development
This course studies institutions in developing economies. The first section of the course will cover the organization of production in traditional agrarian societies. Topics will include land, labor and credit markets. The second section of the course will focus on the role of the community in facilitating the transition to the modern market economy. Here we will study how the community spreads information, permits the formation of informal networks and organizes collective institutions, allowing individuals to take advantage of new economic opportunities.
Not Offered Every Year
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4540 China: Institutions and the Economy
The rise of China since its economic reform starting from 1978 is one of the most important developments the world witnessed in the twenty first century. In this seminar course, we explore topics including the political logic of China's economic reform, the institutional foundations of the Chinese economic growth miracle, as well as detailed analysis of Chinese financial markets, housing markets, fiscal reform, corruption/anti-corruption, labor market transitions, China's integration into the world economy, village democracy and its impact on resource allocation, the impact of population ageing, the impact of China on US economy and politics, among others. The discussions will focus on China, but will relate broadly to emerging and developed economies. The course will be based on reading and discussing research articles and books selected by the instructors.
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4545 Finance and Growth from a Historical Perspective
This course focuses on the interception between finance and economic growth by studying some of the most important events in economic history that have taken place over the last few centuries. Starting with the emergence of the modern capital markets and economic growth, the course examines in depth, major developments in financial history, such as the classical gold standard, the origins of central banking, the Great Depression, and the Bretton Woods system. However, this course goes beyond any standard course on financial history and examines how finance has affected economic growth in the long-run, from an international perspective and starts in the seventeenth century in Europe, up to the 1990s in South-East Asia.
Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND ECON 2300 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4550 The Political Economy of Early America
This course will study the political economy of Early America, from the British Settlement to c. 1820. In particular, we will explore the forces behind the economic growth of the British colonies, the economic forces behind the Revolution, the economic consequences of the Revolution, the political economy of the constitutional convention and ratification, the role of SCOTUS in creating a national market, and the opposing Hamilton-Jefferson views of an American economy. Early America is a fascinating and rich historical period, and we will need to skip many issues of interest. Nevertheless, we hope to provide you with a good overview of how a group of small peripheral colonies created an institutional arrangement that allowed them, in less than two centuries, to become the biggest economy in the world.
Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4560 History of Economic Thought
This course surveys the history of the development of economic thought, beginning with the Classical school and the works of Smith, Ricardo, J.S. Mill, Marx and others and continuing to the 20th century thought, including Keynes, Hayek, and Arrow.
Spring, odd numbered years only
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (ECON 2200 OR FNCE 1010) AND ECON 2300 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4610 Foundations of Market Economies
This course will study the historical and intellectual forces behind the appearance of market economies on the world stage. The voyages of exploration undertaken by Europeans in the 15th and 16th century created, in just a few decades, a global economy. By 1600, silver from Mexico was exchanged in Manila for ceramics made in Nanjing (China). After a long trip through the Pacific, Mexico, and the Atlantic, the ceramics ended up in the tables of prosperous merchants in Bruges (modern day Belgium). How did this integrated global economy appear? How did global interconnections over the centuries shap our current world? How did markets emerge and influence these interconnections? Who were the winners of globalization? And who were the losers? How did economists, political scientists, and others think about the strengths and weakness of market economies? This course will explore these questions and the role that markets have played in it from the late 15th century to the present. Even if the economic theory will structure much of the discussion, insights from intellectual history, cultural history, microhistory, legal history, and institutional history will help to frame the main narrative. The course will be, as well, truly global. First, beyond the traditional focus of economic history courses on Europe and the Americas, particular attention will be devoted to Africa and Asia. Second, the priority will be to highlight the interconnections between the different regions and to understand how the people living in them negotiated the opportunities and tensions created by the economic transformations triggered by globalization and how they conceptualized the changing lives around them. Finally, the class will highlight how diverse intellectual traditions handled the challenges presented by historical change.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4900 Honors Seminar
Students prepare an honors thesis in economics over the academic year, supervised by a faculty member of their choice. In ECON 4900 (fall) and ECON 4910 (spring), students present their work in progress to the class. Any student intending to do empirical work in the thesis should have completed ECON 2300 and ECON 2310.
Fall
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND ECON 2200 AND ECON 2300 AND ECON 2310 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1510 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 4910 Honors Seminar (II)
Students prepare an honors thesis in economics over the academic year, supervised by a faculty member of their choice. In ECON 4900 (fall) and ECON 4910 (spring), students present their work in progress to the class. Any student intending to do empirical work in the thesis should have completed ECON 2300 and ECON 2310.
Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND ECON 2200 AND ECON 2300 AND ECON 2310 AND MATH 1400 AND MATH 1410
1 Course Unit
ECON 4999 Independent Study
Individual study and research under the direction of a member of the Economics Department faculty. At a minimum, the student must write a major paper summarizing, unifying, and interpreting the results of the study. This is a one semester, one c.u. course.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 2100 AND ECON 2200 AND ECON 2300 AND (MATH 1400 OR MATH 1070) AND (MATH 1410 OR MATH 1080)
1 Course Unit
ECON 6100 Microeconomic Theory
Basic tools of microeconomic theory: consumer choice, firm behavior, partial and general equilibrium theory. This is a more theoretical treatment of the basic tools of microeconomic analysis than ECON 2100.
Fall
1 Course Unit
ECON 6110 Game Theory and Applications
A graduate level introduction to decision making under uncertainty, applied game theory, and information economics.
Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 6100
1 Course Unit
ECON 7100 Microeconomic Theory I
Nonlinear programming, theory of the consumer and producer, general equilibrium.
Fall
1 Course Unit
ECON 7110 Microeconomic Theory II
Game theory, decision making under uncertainty, information economics.
Spring
1 Course Unit
ECON 7200 Macroeconomic Theory I
Dynamic programming, search theory, neoclassical growth theory, asset pricing, business cycles.
Fall
0.5-1 Course Unit
ECON 7210 Macroeconomic Theory II
Equilibrium notions in the growth model. Economies with distortions. Incomplete markets. Overlapping generations.
Spring
1 Course Unit
ECON 7300 Econometrics I: Fundamentals
Violations of classical linear regresson assumptions, nonlinear regression models (including logit, probit, etc.), diagnostic testing, distributed lag models, panel data models, identification, linear simultaneous-equations model.
Fall
0.5-1 Course Unit
ECON 7310 Econometrics II: Methods & Models
Analysis in time and frequency domains, state space representations, Kalman filtering, conditional heteroskedasticity, nonlinear and nonparametric methods for time series, integration, co-integration, numerical and simulation techniques.
Spring
1 Course Unit
ECON 7500A Third Year PhD Seminar
The transition from student to frontier researcher is quite difficult. This course is aimed at starting graduates on their first major paper. It will meet once a week over the entire year. An important element in the course is developing what is essentially a study group of the participants to give each other feedback and suggestions. Students should anticipate doing a 30 minute presentation every 2-3 weeks. This gives you enough time to make progress, but also keeps you on pace to have a final project well advanced by the end of the course.
Fall
0.5 Course Units
ECON 7500B Third Year PhD Research Seminar
Transition from student to frontier researcher is quite difficult. This course is aimed at starting our graduate students on their first major paper. It will meet once a week over the entire year. Only offered to the Economics Department 3rd year PhD students. A important element in the course is developing what is essentially a study group of the participants to give each other feedback and suggestions. Students should anticipate doing a 30 minute presentation every 2-3 weeks.
Spring
0.5 Course Units
ECON 8000 Topics in Advanced Microeconomic Theory
Topics in Advanced Economic Theory and Mathematical Economics
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7110
0.5-1 Course Unit
ECON 8100 Economic Theory
Workshop
Fall or Spring
1 Course Unit
ECON 8110 The Economics of Agency, Information, and Incentives
This course studies the economics of adverse selection and moral hazard in strategic settings. The primary focus is on the agency relationship and the structure of agency contracts. Other settings include auctions, bilateral trading, and the internal organization of the firm.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7200
1 Course Unit
ECON 8200 Topics in Advanced Macroeconomics
Topics in Advanced Economic Theory and Mathematical Economics
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7200 AND ECON 7300 AND ECON 7110 AND ECON 7310 AND ECON 7210
0.5-1 Course Unit
ECON 8210 Quantitative MacroEconomic Theory
Computation of Equilibria. Calibration of models. Heterogenous agents, macroeconomic models.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7200 AND ECON 7110 AND ECON 7210 AND ECON 7300 AND ECON 7310
0.5-1 Course Unit
ECON 8300 Topics in Advanced Econometrics
Topics in Advanced Economic Theory and Mathematical Economics
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7110 AND ECON 7200 AND ECON 7210 AND ECON 7300 AND ECON 7310
0.5-1 Course Unit
ECON 8310 Econometrics III: Advanced Techniques of Cross-Section Econometrics
Qualitative response models, panel data, censoring, truncation, selection bias, errors in variables, latent variable models, survey design, advanced techniques of semiparametric estimation and inference in cross-sectional environments. Disequilibrium models. Methods of simulated moments.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7200 AND ECON 7110 AND ECON 7210 AND ECON 7300 AND ECON 7310
1 Course Unit
ECON 8320 Econometrics IV: Advanced Techniques of Time-Series Econometrics
Focuses on macro-econometrics. Topics include comparison of Bayesian and frequentist inference in nonstandard settings (e.g. time series models with persistent roots), Bayesian inference in VARS and DSGE models including modern computational tools such as Gibbs sampling, MCMC, Sequential Monte Carlo, particle filtering, etc., and tools for evaluating DSGE models.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7200 AND ECON 7110 AND ECON 7210 AND ECON 7300 AND ECON 7310
0.5 Course Units
ECON 8400 Topics in Advanced Empirical Microeconomics
Topics in Advanced Economic Theory and Mathematical Economics
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7110 AND ECON 7200 AND ECON 7210 AND ECON 7300 AND ECON 7310
0.5-1 Course Unit
ECON 8410 Public Economics
Public goods, externalities, uncertainty, and income redistribution as sources of market failures; private market and collective choice models as possible correcting mechanisms. Microeconomic theories of taxation and political models affecting economic variables.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7200 AND ECON 7110 AND ECON 7210 AND ECON 7300 AND ECON 7310
0.5 Course Units
ECON 8411 Public Economics II
Expenditures: Alternative theories of public choice; transfers to the poor; transfers to special interests and rent seeking; social insurance; publicly provided private goods; public production and bureaucracy. Taxation: Tax incidence in partial and general equilibrium; excess burden analysis. Topics on tax incidence and efficiency: lifetime incidence and excess burden, dynamic incidence, the open economy. Normative theories of taxation: Optimal commodity and income taxation. The political economy of income taxation.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7200 AND ECON 7110 AND ECON 7210 AND ECON 7300 AND ECON 7310
0.5 Course Units
ECON 8430 Economics of Labor I
Topics include: Theories of the supply and demand for labor, wage determination, wage differentials, labor market discrimination, unemployment, occupational choice and dynamics of specific labor markets, theory of matching, trade unions. The theory and empirics of human capital accumulation, intertemporal labor supply, search, intergenerational mobility of income and wealth, contracts and bargaining, efficiency wage models, principal/agent models, and signaling models.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7200 AND ECON 7110 AND ECON 7210 AND ECON 7300 AND ECON 7310 AND ECON 8310
1 Course Unit
ECON 8431 Economics of Labor II
A continuation of ECON 8430.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7200 AND ECON 7110 AND ECON 7210 AND ECON 7300 AND ECON 7310 AND ECON 8310 AND ECON 8430
0.5 Course Units
ECON 8450 Empirical Methods for Industrial Organization
The goal of the course is to explore links between theory and data in order to identify and test implications of economic models. Reduced form and structural approaches will be used to study a variety of topics that include: Estimation of multiproduct cost functions; detection of collusion, multimarket contact, and network externalities; asymmetric information: auctions and nonlinear pricing; price competition and product differentiation; and complementarities: innovation and organizational design.
Fall or Spring
Prerequisite: ECON 7100 AND ECON 7200 AND ECON 7110 AND ECON 7210 AND ECON 7300 AND ECON 7310
1 Course Unit
ECON 9110 Applied Microeconomics Workshop
Workshop
Fall or Spring
1 Course Unit
ECON 9200 Monetary Economics
Workshop
Fall or Spring
1 Course Unit
ECON 9300 Econometrics
Workshop
Fall or Spring
1 Course Unit
ECON 9400 Empirical Microeconomics
Workshop
Fall or Spring
1 Course Unit
ECON 9450 Industrial Organization
Workshop
Fall or Spring
1 Course Unit
ECON 9999 Independent Study
Independent Study
Fall or Spring
0.5-3 Course Units